The British Rule
Modern History has its own importance in SSC CGL. A lot of question is asked every year from British Governor Generals and Viceroys of India.So, daily we will be posting two or three viceroys and few important points about them.
Lord Canning (1856 – 1862)
- 3 universities were set up in India in the year 1857 at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
- Mutiny of sepoys (Revolt of 1857) by a soldier named Mangal Panday at “Barrackpur in Bengal”
- Indigo Revolt or Nil Darpan took place in Bengal in 1859 by “Digambar Biswas & Bishnu Charan Biswas”
- Starting of the ASI → Archaeological Survey of India in 1861.
- He passed the Indian Council Act. Under this, the British Viceroy has the power to declare the emergency in India and during the emergency, he has the power to pass any new law without anybody’s permission.
Important People in the revolt of 1857.
Delhi → Bahadur Shah Jaffar II & Bakht khan
Kanpur → Nana Saheb (Dondhu Panth) & Tatya Tope
Lucknow → Begum Hazrath Mahal
Jhansi → Maharani Laxmibai
Bihar → Kunwar Singh & Amar Singh
Barrackpore → Mangal Pandey
Meerat → Kadam Singh
Mathura → Devi Singh
Impact :-
The govt. of India Act 1858 was passed and the power to control over India was shifted from the East India company to Queen Victoria in England and the post of Governor general of India Ended & “Viceroy” of India started. Thus, “Lord Canning” became the first viceroy of India.
Lord Elgin I (1862-1864)
Three High Courts were set up in India in 1862. At Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
Sir John Lawrence (1864-1869)
- He started the Indian Forest department, 1865.
- He extended the telegraphic communication upto the European countries.
Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
- “Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi” was born 2nd October, 1869 at Porbandar in the royal family of “Karamchand Gandhi” & “Putli Bai”.
- Lord Mayo conducted the first census of India. (1871)
- He started the department of Agriculture and Commerce in India.
- He started the statistical survey of India (SSI) which later on became (ISI) (India statistical Institute)
- He started the famous “Mayo College” at Ajmer and Rajkot College at Gujarat for Indian Prince and Princess.
- He was the only viceroy to be killed during his term of office by a Pathan known as “Sher Afridi” at Andaman, 1872.
Lord Lytton (1876-1880)
- He is known as the viceroy of the reverse character.
- “The Grand Delhi Darbar” of “1877” was setup for the welcome of queen Victoria where she was given the title of “Kaiser-i-Hind”(Queen of India)
- Mr. Gopal Hari Deshmukh who wear the Khadi clothes during the grand Delhi Darbar of 1877.
- Lord Lytton reimposed all the Restrictions on the Press through “Vernacular Press, Act” in 1878.
- He reduced the Maximum age for the Indians to quality the civil services exam from (21 to 18 yrs)
- He passed the Arm’s Act 1878. Under this it was mandatory to acquire the licence for keeping the arms.
- He appointed the “famine commission” in 1876 under “Sir Richard Strachey” and he also gave relief to the farmers by waving off their taxes.
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