Slave Dynasty
Razia Sultan(1236 – 1240)
- After the death of Iltutmish, Razia became the sultan of Delhi Sultanate. It was the last wish of his father because he found none of his sons were fit for the successor to the throne.
- But the chihalgani opposed his last wish and made his son Rukn-ud-din firuz on the throne.But Rukn-ud-din firuz was assassinated within 7 months and was succeeded by Razia in 1236 and ruled till 1240.
- She disregarded “Parda system”, she began to adorn male dress and used to ride on Elephant’s back.But the chihalgani couldn’t accept the rule of a woman.They rebelled against Razia when she promoted Jamal-ud-din Yakut, an Abyssinian, as the superintendent of the stables(Diwan-e-Aakhur).
- The rebel chiefs were supported by Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda and thus Yakut was killed and Razia was imprisoned.
- Later she married Altunia and they jointly tried to take the Sultanate back but both were killed by her brother Bahram Shah with the help of khokhar tribes in the battle of Kaithal.
- She was the first and the last Muslim women ruler of medieval India.
- Bahram Shah ruled for two years and then Nasir-ud-din, the youngest son of illtutmish ruled till 1266 but was killed by his own father-in-law Balban and he took the throne.
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266-87)
- Balban (1266-87) was the slave of Iltutmish. He broke the power of Turk-e-Chihalgani.
- He created a strong centralised army to deal with external disturbance and to check Mangols.
- He ordered the separation of Military department from the finance department. “Dewan-e-vizarak” and “Diwan-e-Ariz” (Military).Diwan-e-Ariz was established by him.
- The Persian court influenced Balban- conceptions of kinship, he took up the title of zill-e-illahi.
- Iranian festival Nauroj was started by him.
- He introduced “Sijda” (prostration) and “Paibos” (feet- kissing) as the normal form of Salutation for the king.
- Blood and Iron policy were introduced by him for a strong and absolute monarch is expected to follow a strict policy in dealing with his enemies.
- “Kaiku-Bad” was the son of Balban and next Emperor of Delhi Sultanate.
- Quemaes was the son of kaiku-Bad (kaimur). He was killed by Zalal-ud-din khilji in 1290. And Zalal-ud-din khilji was the founder of khilji dynasty in India.
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